From mboxrd@z Thu Jan 1 00:00:00 1970 From: mathieu.desnoyers@efficios.com (Mathieu Desnoyers) Date: Sat, 5 Nov 2011 09:54:28 -0400 Subject: [ltt-dev] [PATCH 1/2] rculfhash: rename dummy to bucket In-Reply-To: <1320392867-9033-1-git-send-email-laijs@cn.fujitsu.com> References: <466114cca01aa345508567117949e33b57a358bd.1320217693.git.laijs@cn.fujitsu.com> <1320392867-9033-1-git-send-email-laijs@cn.fujitsu.com> Message-ID: <20111105135427.GG15862@Krystal> * Lai Jiangshan (laijs at cn.fujitsu.com) wrote: > Signed-off-by: Lai Jiangshan Merged, thanks! Mathieu > --- > rculfhash.c | 180 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++--------------------------- > urcu/rculfhash.h | 2 +- > 2 files changed, 91 insertions(+), 91 deletions(-) > > diff --git a/rculfhash.c b/rculfhash.c > index 86b234f..88079f9 100644 > --- a/rculfhash.c > +++ b/rculfhash.c > @@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ > * - The resize operation executes concurrently with add/remove/lookup. > * - Hash table nodes are contained within a split-ordered list. This > * list is ordered by incrementing reversed-bits-hash value. > - * - An index of dummy nodes is kept. These dummy nodes are the hash > + * - An index of bucket nodes is kept. These bucket nodes are the hash > * table "buckets", and they are also chained together in the > * split-ordered list, which allows recursive expansion. > * - The resize operation for small tables only allows expanding the hash table. > @@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ > * successfully set the "removed" flag (with a cmpxchg) into a node's > * next pointer is considered to have succeeded its removal (and thus > * owns the node to reclaim). Because we garbage-collect starting from > - * an invariant node (the start-of-bucket dummy node) up to the > + * an invariant node (the start-of-bucket bucket node) up to the > * "removed" node (or find a reverse-hash that is higher), we are sure > * that a successful traversal of the chain leads to a chain that is > * present in the linked-list (the start node is never removed) and > @@ -88,19 +88,19 @@ > * for it do to so. > * - A RCU "order table" indexed by log2(hash index) is copied and > * expanded by the resize operation. This order table allows finding > - * the "dummy node" tables. > - * - There is one dummy node table per hash index order. The size of > - * each dummy node table is half the number of hashes contained in > + * the "bucket node" tables. > + * - There is one bucket node table per hash index order. The size of > + * each bucket node table is half the number of hashes contained in > * this order (except for order 0). > - * - synchronzie_rcu is used to garbage-collect the old dummy node table. > - * - The per-order dummy node tables contain a compact version of the > + * - synchronzie_rcu is used to garbage-collect the old bucket node table. > + * - The per-order bucket node tables contain a compact version of the > * hash table nodes. These tables are invariant after they are > * populated into the hash table. > * > - * Dummy node tables: > + * Bucket node tables: > * > - * hash table hash table the last all dummy node tables > - * order size dummy node 0 1 2 3 4 5 6(index) > + * hash table hash table the last all bucket node tables > + * order size bucket node 0 1 2 3 4 5 6(index) > * table size > * 0 1 1 1 > * 1 2 1 1 1 > @@ -110,12 +110,12 @@ > * 5 32 16 1 1 2 4 8 16 > * 6 64 32 1 1 2 4 8 16 32 > * > - * When growing/shrinking, we only focus on the last dummy node table > + * When growing/shrinking, we only focus on the last bucket node table > * which size is (!order ? 1 : (1 << (order -1))). > * > * Example for growing/shrinking: > - * grow hash table from order 5 to 6: init the index=6 dummy node table > - * shrink hash table from order 6 to 5: fini the index=6 dummy node table > + * grow hash table from order 5 to 6: init the index=6 bucket node table > + * shrink hash table from order 6 to 5: fini the index=6 bucket node table > * > * A bit of ascii art explanation: > * > @@ -195,7 +195,7 @@ > #endif > > /* > - * Minimum number of dummy nodes to touch per thread to parallelize grow/shrink. > + * Minimum number of bucket nodes to touch per thread to parallelize grow/shrink. > */ > #define MIN_PARTITION_PER_THREAD_ORDER 12 > #define MIN_PARTITION_PER_THREAD (1UL << MIN_PARTITION_PER_THREAD_ORDER) > @@ -212,11 +212,11 @@ > * The removed flag needs to be updated atomically with the pointer. > * It indicates that no node must attach to the node scheduled for > * removal, and that node garbage collection must be performed. > - * The dummy flag does not require to be updated atomically with the > + * The bucket flag does not require to be updated atomically with the > * pointer, but it is added as a pointer low bit flag to save space. > */ > #define REMOVED_FLAG (1UL << 0) > -#define DUMMY_FLAG (1UL << 1) > +#define BUCKET_FLAG (1UL << 1) > #define FLAGS_MASK ((1UL << 2) - 1) > > /* Value of the end pointer. Should not interact with flags. */ > @@ -237,10 +237,10 @@ struct ht_items_count { > } __attribute__((aligned(CAA_CACHE_LINE_SIZE))); > > /* > - * rcu_level: Contains the per order-index-level dummy node table. The > - * size of each dummy node table is half the number of hashes contained > + * rcu_level: Contains the per order-index-level bucket node table. The > + * size of each bucket node table is half the number of hashes contained > * in this order (except for order 0). The minimum allocation size > - * parameter allows combining the dummy node arrays of the lowermost > + * parameter allows combining the bucket node arrays of the lowermost > * levels to improve cache locality for small index orders. > */ > struct rcu_level { > @@ -321,7 +321,7 @@ void _cds_lfht_add(struct cds_lfht *ht, > unsigned long size, > struct cds_lfht_node *node, > struct cds_lfht_iter *unique_ret, > - int dummy); > + int bucket); > > /* > * Algorithm to reverse bits in a word by lookup table, extended to > @@ -716,15 +716,15 @@ struct cds_lfht_node *flag_removed(struct cds_lfht_node *node) > } > > static > -int is_dummy(struct cds_lfht_node *node) > +int is_bucket(struct cds_lfht_node *node) > { > - return ((unsigned long) node) & DUMMY_FLAG; > + return ((unsigned long) node) & BUCKET_FLAG; > } > > static > -struct cds_lfht_node *flag_dummy(struct cds_lfht_node *node) > +struct cds_lfht_node *flag_bucket(struct cds_lfht_node *node) > { > - return (struct cds_lfht_node *) (((unsigned long) node) | DUMMY_FLAG); > + return (struct cds_lfht_node *) (((unsigned long) node) | BUCKET_FLAG); > } > > static > @@ -782,27 +782,27 @@ struct cds_lfht_node *lookup_bucket(struct cds_lfht *ht, unsigned long size, > * Remove all logically deleted nodes from a bucket up to a certain node key. > */ > static > -void _cds_lfht_gc_bucket(struct cds_lfht_node *dummy, struct cds_lfht_node *node) > +void _cds_lfht_gc_bucket(struct cds_lfht_node *bucket, struct cds_lfht_node *node) > { > struct cds_lfht_node *iter_prev, *iter, *next, *new_next; > > - assert(!is_dummy(dummy)); > - assert(!is_removed(dummy)); > - assert(!is_dummy(node)); > + assert(!is_bucket(bucket)); > + assert(!is_removed(bucket)); > + assert(!is_bucket(node)); > assert(!is_removed(node)); > for (;;) { > - iter_prev = dummy; > - /* We can always skip the dummy node initially */ > + iter_prev = bucket; > + /* We can always skip the bucket node initially */ > iter = rcu_dereference(iter_prev->next); > assert(!is_removed(iter)); > assert(iter_prev->reverse_hash <= node->reverse_hash); > /* > - * We should never be called with dummy (start of chain) > + * We should never be called with bucket (start of chain) > * and logically removed node (end of path compression > * marker) being the actual same node. This would be a > * bug in the algorithm implementation. > */ > - assert(dummy != node); > + assert(bucket != node); > for (;;) { > if (caa_unlikely(is_end(iter))) > return; > @@ -815,8 +815,8 @@ void _cds_lfht_gc_bucket(struct cds_lfht_node *dummy, struct cds_lfht_node *node > iter = next; > } > assert(!is_removed(iter)); > - if (is_dummy(iter)) > - new_next = flag_dummy(clear_flag(next)); > + if (is_bucket(iter)) > + new_next = flag_bucket(clear_flag(next)); > else > new_next = clear_flag(next); > (void) uatomic_cmpxchg(&iter_prev->next, iter, new_next); > @@ -836,9 +836,9 @@ int _cds_lfht_replace(struct cds_lfht *ht, unsigned long size, > return -ENOENT; > > assert(!is_removed(old_node)); > - assert(!is_dummy(old_node)); > + assert(!is_bucket(old_node)); > assert(!is_removed(new_node)); > - assert(!is_dummy(new_node)); > + assert(!is_bucket(new_node)); > assert(new_node != old_node); > for (;;) { > /* Insert after node to be replaced */ > @@ -849,7 +849,7 @@ int _cds_lfht_replace(struct cds_lfht *ht, unsigned long size, > */ > return -ENOENT; > } > - assert(!is_dummy(old_next)); > + assert(!is_bucket(old_next)); > assert(new_node != clear_flag(old_next)); > new_node->next = clear_flag(old_next); > /* > @@ -890,13 +890,13 @@ void _cds_lfht_add(struct cds_lfht *ht, > unsigned long size, > struct cds_lfht_node *node, > struct cds_lfht_iter *unique_ret, > - int dummy) > + int bucket_flag) > { > struct cds_lfht_node *iter_prev, *iter, *next, *new_node, *new_next, > *return_node; > struct cds_lfht_node *bucket; > > - assert(!is_dummy(node)); > + assert(!is_bucket(node)); > assert(!is_removed(node)); > bucket = lookup_bucket(ht, size, bit_reverse_ulong(node->reverse_hash)); > for (;;) { > @@ -907,7 +907,7 @@ void _cds_lfht_add(struct cds_lfht *ht, > * insert location. > */ > iter_prev = bucket; > - /* We can always skip the dummy node initially */ > + /* We can always skip the bucket node initially */ > iter = rcu_dereference(iter_prev->next); > assert(iter_prev->reverse_hash <= node->reverse_hash); > for (;;) { > @@ -916,8 +916,8 @@ void _cds_lfht_add(struct cds_lfht *ht, > if (caa_likely(clear_flag(iter)->reverse_hash > node->reverse_hash)) > goto insert; > > - /* dummy node is the first node of the identical-hash-value chain */ > - if (dummy && clear_flag(iter)->reverse_hash == node->reverse_hash) > + /* bucket node is the first node of the identical-hash-value chain */ > + if (bucket_flag && clear_flag(iter)->reverse_hash == node->reverse_hash) > goto insert; > > next = rcu_dereference(clear_flag(iter)->next); > @@ -926,7 +926,7 @@ void _cds_lfht_add(struct cds_lfht *ht, > > /* uniquely add */ > if (unique_ret > - && !is_dummy(next) > + && !is_bucket(next) > && clear_flag(iter)->reverse_hash == node->reverse_hash) { > struct cds_lfht_iter d_iter = { .node = node, .next = iter, }; > > @@ -949,7 +949,7 @@ void _cds_lfht_add(struct cds_lfht *ht, > > /* Only account for identical reverse hash once */ > if (iter_prev->reverse_hash != clear_flag(iter)->reverse_hash > - && !is_dummy(next)) > + && !is_bucket(next)) > check_resize(ht, size, ++chain_len); > iter_prev = clear_flag(iter); > iter = next; > @@ -960,12 +960,12 @@ void _cds_lfht_add(struct cds_lfht *ht, > assert(!is_removed(iter_prev)); > assert(!is_removed(iter)); > assert(iter_prev != node); > - if (!dummy) > + if (!bucket_flag) > node->next = clear_flag(iter); > else > - node->next = flag_dummy(clear_flag(iter)); > - if (is_dummy(iter)) > - new_node = flag_dummy(node); > + node->next = flag_bucket(clear_flag(iter)); > + if (is_bucket(iter)) > + new_node = flag_bucket(node); > else > new_node = node; > if (uatomic_cmpxchg(&iter_prev->next, iter, > @@ -978,8 +978,8 @@ void _cds_lfht_add(struct cds_lfht *ht, > > gc_node: > assert(!is_removed(iter)); > - if (is_dummy(iter)) > - new_next = flag_dummy(clear_flag(next)); > + if (is_bucket(iter)) > + new_next = flag_bucket(clear_flag(next)); > else > new_next = clear_flag(next); > (void) uatomic_cmpxchg(&iter_prev->next, iter, new_next); > @@ -995,7 +995,7 @@ end: > static > int _cds_lfht_del(struct cds_lfht *ht, unsigned long size, > struct cds_lfht_node *node, > - int dummy_removal) > + int bucket_removal) > { > struct cds_lfht_node *bucket, *next, *old; > > @@ -1003,7 +1003,7 @@ int _cds_lfht_del(struct cds_lfht *ht, unsigned long size, > return -ENOENT; > > /* logically delete the node */ > - assert(!is_dummy(node)); > + assert(!is_bucket(node)); > assert(!is_removed(node)); > old = rcu_dereference(node->next); > do { > @@ -1012,10 +1012,10 @@ int _cds_lfht_del(struct cds_lfht *ht, unsigned long size, > next = old; > if (caa_unlikely(is_removed(next))) > return -ENOENT; > - if (dummy_removal) > - assert(is_dummy(next)); > + if (bucket_removal) > + assert(is_bucket(next)); > else > - assert(!is_dummy(next)); > + assert(!is_bucket(next)); > new_next = flag_removed(next); > old = uatomic_cmpxchg(&node->next, next, new_next); > } while (old != next); > @@ -1095,7 +1095,7 @@ void partition_resize_helper(struct cds_lfht *ht, unsigned long i, > * many worker threads, based on the number of CPUs available in the system. > * This should therefore take care of not having the expand lagging behind too > * many concurrent insertion threads by using the scheduler's ability to > - * schedule dummy node population fairly with insertions. > + * schedule bucket node population fairly with insertions. > */ > static > void init_table_populate_partition(struct cds_lfht *ht, unsigned long i, > @@ -1155,8 +1155,8 @@ void init_table(struct cds_lfht *ht, > assert(ht->t.tbl[i]); > > /* > - * Set all dummy nodes reverse hash values for a level and > - * link all dummy nodes into the table. > + * Set all bucket nodes reverse hash values for a level and > + * link all bucket nodes into the table. > */ > init_table_populate(ht, i, len); > > @@ -1187,7 +1187,7 @@ void init_table(struct cds_lfht *ht, > * Concurrent removal and add operations are helping us perform garbage > * collection of logically removed nodes. We guarantee that all logically > * removed nodes have been garbage-collected (unlinked) before call_rcu is > - * invoked to free a hole level of dummy nodes (after a grace period). > + * invoked to free a hole level of bucket nodes (after a grace period). > * > * Logical removal and garbage collection can therefore be done in batch or on a > * node-per-node basis, as long as the guarantee above holds. > @@ -1257,7 +1257,7 @@ void fini_table(struct cds_lfht *ht, > /* > * We need to wait for all add operations to reach Q.S. (and > * thus use the new table for lookups) before we can start > - * releasing the old dummy nodes. Otherwise their lookup will > + * releasing the old bucket nodes. Otherwise their lookup will > * return a logically removed node as insert position. > */ > ht->cds_lfht_synchronize_rcu(); > @@ -1265,8 +1265,8 @@ void fini_table(struct cds_lfht *ht, > free(free_by_rcu); > > /* > - * Set "removed" flag in dummy nodes about to be removed. > - * Unlink all now-logically-removed dummy node pointers. > + * Set "removed" flag in bucket nodes about to be removed. > + * Unlink all now-logically-removed bucket node pointers. > * Concurrent add/remove operation are helping us doing > * the gc. > */ > @@ -1286,7 +1286,7 @@ void fini_table(struct cds_lfht *ht, > } > > static > -void cds_lfht_create_dummy(struct cds_lfht *ht, unsigned long size) > +void cds_lfht_create_bucket(struct cds_lfht *ht, unsigned long size) > { > struct cds_lfht_node *prev, *node; > unsigned long order, len, i, j; > @@ -1294,8 +1294,8 @@ void cds_lfht_create_dummy(struct cds_lfht *ht, unsigned long size) > ht->t.tbl[0] = calloc(1, ht->min_alloc_size * sizeof(struct cds_lfht_node)); > assert(ht->t.tbl[0]); > > - dbg_printf("create dummy: order %lu index %lu hash %lu\n", 0, 0, 0); > - ht->t.tbl[0]->nodes[0].next = flag_dummy(get_end()); > + dbg_printf("create bucket: order %lu index %lu hash %lu\n", 0, 0, 0); > + ht->t.tbl[0]->nodes[0].next = flag_bucket(get_end()); > ht->t.tbl[0]->nodes[0].reverse_hash = 0; > > for (order = 1; order < get_count_order_ulong(size) + 1; order++) { > @@ -1318,12 +1318,12 @@ void cds_lfht_create_dummy(struct cds_lfht *ht, unsigned long size) > } > > node = &ht->t.tbl[order]->nodes[j]; > - dbg_printf("create dummy: order %lu index %lu hash %lu\n", > + dbg_printf("create bucket: order %lu index %lu hash %lu\n", > order, j, j + len); > node->next = prev->next; > - assert(is_dummy(node->next)); > + assert(is_bucket(node->next)); > node->reverse_hash = bit_reverse_ulong(j + len); > - prev->next = flag_dummy(node); > + prev->next = flag_bucket(node); > } > } > } > @@ -1374,7 +1374,7 @@ struct cds_lfht *_cds_lfht_new(cds_lfht_compare_fct compare_fct, > ht->t.resize_target = 1UL << order; > ht->min_alloc_size = min_alloc_size; > ht->min_alloc_order = get_count_order_ulong(min_alloc_size); > - cds_lfht_create_dummy(ht, 1UL << order); > + cds_lfht_create_bucket(ht, 1UL << order); > ht->t.size = 1UL << order; > return ht; > } > @@ -1390,7 +1390,7 @@ void cds_lfht_lookup(struct cds_lfht *ht, unsigned long hash, > > size = rcu_dereference(ht->t.size); > bucket = lookup_bucket(ht, size, hash); > - /* We can always skip the dummy node initially */ > + /* We can always skip the bucket node initially */ > node = rcu_dereference(bucket->next); > node = clear_flag(node); > for (;;) { > @@ -1405,14 +1405,14 @@ void cds_lfht_lookup(struct cds_lfht *ht, unsigned long hash, > next = rcu_dereference(node->next); > assert(node == clear_flag(node)); > if (caa_likely(!is_removed(next)) > - && !is_dummy(next) > + && !is_bucket(next) > && node->reverse_hash == reverse_hash > && caa_likely(match(node, arg))) { > break; > } > node = clear_flag(next); > } > - assert(!node || !is_dummy(rcu_dereference(node->next))); > + assert(!node || !is_bucket(rcu_dereference(node->next))); > iter->node = node; > iter->next = next; > } > @@ -1438,13 +1438,13 @@ void cds_lfht_next_duplicate(struct cds_lfht *ht, struct cds_lfht_iter *iter) > } > next = rcu_dereference(node->next); > if (caa_likely(!is_removed(next)) > - && !is_dummy(next) > + && !is_bucket(next) > && caa_likely(!ht->compare_fct(node, iter->node))) { > break; > } > node = clear_flag(next); > } > - assert(!node || !is_dummy(rcu_dereference(node->next))); > + assert(!node || !is_bucket(rcu_dereference(node->next))); > iter->node = node; > iter->next = next; > } > @@ -1461,12 +1461,12 @@ void cds_lfht_next(struct cds_lfht *ht, struct cds_lfht_iter *iter) > } > next = rcu_dereference(node->next); > if (caa_likely(!is_removed(next)) > - && !is_dummy(next)) { > + && !is_bucket(next)) { > break; > } > node = clear_flag(next); > } > - assert(!node || !is_dummy(rcu_dereference(node->next))); > + assert(!node || !is_bucket(rcu_dereference(node->next))); > iter->node = node; > iter->next = next; > } > @@ -1476,7 +1476,7 @@ void cds_lfht_first(struct cds_lfht *ht, struct cds_lfht_iter *iter) > struct cds_lfht_node *lookup; > > /* > - * Get next after first dummy node. The first dummy node is the > + * Get next after first bucket node. The first bucket node is the > * first node of the linked list. > */ > lookup = &ht->t.tbl[0]->nodes[0]; > @@ -1557,7 +1557,7 @@ int cds_lfht_del(struct cds_lfht *ht, struct cds_lfht_iter *iter) > } > > static > -int cds_lfht_delete_dummy(struct cds_lfht *ht) > +int cds_lfht_delete_bucket(struct cds_lfht *ht) > { > struct cds_lfht_node *node; > unsigned long order, i, size; > @@ -1566,7 +1566,7 @@ int cds_lfht_delete_dummy(struct cds_lfht *ht) > node = &ht->t.tbl[0]->nodes[0]; > do { > node = clear_flag(node)->next; > - if (!is_dummy(node)) > + if (!is_bucket(node)) > return -EPERM; > assert(!is_removed(node)); > } while (!is_end(node)); > @@ -1575,7 +1575,7 @@ int cds_lfht_delete_dummy(struct cds_lfht *ht) > * being destroyed. > */ > size = ht->t.size; > - /* Internal sanity check: all nodes left should be dummy */ > + /* Internal sanity check: all nodes left should be bucket */ > for (order = 0; order < get_count_order_ulong(size) + 1; order++) { > unsigned long len; > > @@ -1584,7 +1584,7 @@ int cds_lfht_delete_dummy(struct cds_lfht *ht) > dbg_printf("delete order %lu i %lu hash %lu\n", > order, i, > bit_reverse_ulong(ht->t.tbl[order]->nodes[i].reverse_hash)); > - assert(is_dummy(ht->t.tbl[order]->nodes[i].next)); > + assert(is_bucket(ht->t.tbl[order]->nodes[i].next)); > } > > if (order == ht->min_alloc_order) > @@ -1609,7 +1609,7 @@ int cds_lfht_destroy(struct cds_lfht *ht, pthread_attr_t **attr) > cmm_smp_mb(); /* Store destroy before load resize */ > while (uatomic_read(&ht->in_progress_resize)) > poll(NULL, 0, 100); /* wait for 100ms */ > - ret = cds_lfht_delete_dummy(ht); > + ret = cds_lfht_delete_bucket(ht); > if (ret) > return ret; > free_split_items_count(ht); > @@ -1626,7 +1626,7 @@ void cds_lfht_count_nodes(struct cds_lfht *ht, > long *approx_after) > { > struct cds_lfht_node *node, *next; > - unsigned long nr_dummy = 0; > + unsigned long nr_bucket = 0; > > *approx_before = 0; > if (ht->split_count) { > @@ -1641,22 +1641,22 @@ void cds_lfht_count_nodes(struct cds_lfht *ht, > *count = 0; > *removed = 0; > > - /* Count non-dummy nodes in the table */ > + /* Count non-bucket nodes in the table */ > node = &ht->t.tbl[0]->nodes[0]; > do { > next = rcu_dereference(node->next); > if (is_removed(next)) { > - if (!is_dummy(next)) > + if (!is_bucket(next)) > (*removed)++; > else > - (nr_dummy)++; > - } else if (!is_dummy(next)) > + (nr_bucket)++; > + } else if (!is_bucket(next)) > (*count)++; > else > - (nr_dummy)++; > + (nr_bucket)++; > node = clear_flag(next); > } while (!is_end(node)); > - dbg_printf("number of dummy nodes: %lu\n", nr_dummy); > + dbg_printf("number of bucket nodes: %lu\n", nr_bucket); > *approx_after = 0; > if (ht->split_count) { > int i; > @@ -1697,7 +1697,7 @@ void _do_cds_lfht_shrink(struct cds_lfht *ht, > old_size, old_order, new_size, new_order); > assert(new_size < old_size); > > - /* Remove and unlink all dummy nodes to remove. */ > + /* Remove and unlink all bucket nodes to remove. */ > fini_table(ht, new_order + 1, old_order); > } > > diff --git a/urcu/rculfhash.h b/urcu/rculfhash.h > index 3e915a0..72598e4 100644 > --- a/urcu/rculfhash.h > +++ b/urcu/rculfhash.h > @@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ extern "C" { > * the hash value for cds_lfht APIs. > */ > struct cds_lfht_node { > - struct cds_lfht_node *next; /* ptr | DUMMY_FLAG | REMOVED_FLAG */ > + struct cds_lfht_node *next; /* ptr | BUCKET_FLAG | REMOVED_FLAG */ > unsigned long reverse_hash; > } __attribute__((aligned(4))); > > -- > 1.7.4.4 > -- Mathieu Desnoyers Operating System Efficiency R&D Consultant EfficiOS Inc. http://www.efficios.com