[PATCH v2 4/5] Extend GNU/Linux to check for ptrace error

Sergio Durigan Junior
2020-03-17T15:47:36Z

This patch implements the ptrace-errno-checking on the GNU/Linux
target (both native and remote). It builds on top of the previous
'fork_inferior' extension patch.

The idea is to provide a new 'traceme_fun' for each ptrace backend,
which will accept a new integer argument representing the write end of
the ptrace status pipe (that was created in 'fork_inferior'). This
function will invoke the actual tracing syscall (which is 'ptrace' in
this case), get its errno value and write it back via the pipe. You
can see examples of this new approach by looking at
'inf_ptrace_me' (GDB) or 'linux_ptrace_fun' (gdbserver).

The rest of the patch implements the necessary machinery to do
something useful with the errno information that we received from
'ptrace'.

In Fedora GDB, we carry the following patch:

https://src.fedoraproject.org/rpms/gdb/blob/8ac06474ff1e2aa4920d14e0666b083eeaca8952/f/gdb-attach-fail-reasons-5of5.patch

Its purpose is to try to detect a specific scenario where SELinux's
'deny_ptrace' option is enabled, which prevents GDB from ptrace'ing in
order to debug the inferior (PTRACE_ATTACH and PTRACE_TRACEME will
fail with EACCES in this case).

I like the idea of improving error detection and providing more
information to the user (a simple "Permission denied" can be really
frustrating), but I don't fully agree with the way the patch was
implemented: it makes GDB link against libselinux only for the sake of
consulting the 'deny_ptrace' setting, and then prints a warning if
ptrace failed and this setting is on.

There is now a new function, 'linux_ptrace_restricted_fail_reason',
which does a few things to check what's wrong with ptrace:

- It dlopen's "libselinux.so.1" and checks if the "deny_ptrace"
option is enabled.

- It reads the contents of "/proc/sys/kernel/yama/ptrace_scope" and
checks if it's different than 0.

For each of these checks, if it succeeds, the user will see a message
informing about the restriction in place, and how it can be disabled.
For example, if "deny_ptrace" is enabled, the user will see:

# gdb /usr/bin/true
...
(gdb) run
Starting program: /usr/bin/true
warning: Could not trace the inferior process.
warning: ptrace: Permission denied

The SELinux 'deny_ptrace' option is enabled and preventing GDB
from using 'ptrace'. You can disable it by executing (as root):

setsebool deny_ptrace off

If you are debugging the inferior remotely, the ptrace restriction(s) must
be disabled in the target system (e.g., where GDBserver is running).

In case "/proc/sys/kernel/yama/ptrace_scope" is > 0:

# gdb /usr/bin/true
...
(gdb) run
Starting program: /usr/bin/true
warning: Could not trace the inferior process.
warning: ptrace: Operation not permitted

The Linux kernel's Yama ptrace scope is in effect, which can prevent
GDB from using 'ptrace'. You can disable it by executing (as root):

echo 0 > /proc/sys/kernel/yama/ptrace_scope

If you are debugging the inferior remotely, the ptrace restriction(s) must
be disabled in the target system (e.g., where GDBserver is running).

If both restrictions are enabled, both messages will show up.

This works for gdbserver as well, and actually fixes a latent bug I
found: when ptrace is restricted, gdbserver would hang due to an
unchecked ptrace call:

# gdbserver :9988 /usr/bin/true
gdbserver: linux_ptrace_test_ret_to_nx: Cannot PTRACE_TRACEME: Operation not permitted
gdbserver: linux_ptrace_test_ret_to_nx: status 256 is not WIFSTOPPED!
gdbserver: linux_ptrace_test_ret_to_nx: failed to kill child pid 2668100 No such process
[ Here you would have to issue a C-c ]

Now, you will see:

# gdbserver :9988 /usr/bin/true
gdbserver: linux_ptrace_test_ret_to_nx: Cannot PTRACE_TRACEME: Permission denied
gdbserver: linux_ptrace_test_ret_to_nx: status 256 is not WIFSTOPPED!
gdbserver: linux_ptrace_test_ret_to_nx: failed to kill child pid 2766868 No such process
gdbserver: Could not trace the inferior process.
gdbserver: ptrace: Permission denied

The SELinux 'deny_ptrace' option is enabled and preventing GDB
from using 'ptrace'. You can disable it by executing (as root):

setsebool deny_ptrace off

If you are debugging the inferior remotely, the ptrace restriction(s) need
to be disabled in the target system (e.g., where GDBserver is running).
Exiting.
#

(I decided to keep all the other messages, even though I find them a
bit distracting).

If GDB can't determine the cause for the failure, it will still print
the generic error message which tells the user to check our
documentation:

There might be restrictions preventing ptrace from working. Please see
the appendix "Linux kernel ptrace restrictions" in the GDB documentation
for more details.
If you are debugging the inferior remotely, the ptrace restriction(s) need
to be disabled in the target system (e.g., where GDBserver is running).

This means that the series expands our documentation (in the next
patch) and creates a new appendix section named "Linux kernel ptrace
restrictions", with sub-sections for each possible restriction that
might be in place.

Notice how, on every message, we instruct the user to "do the right
thing" if gdbserver is being used. This is because if the user
started gdbserver *before* any ptrace restriction was in place, and
then, for some reason, one or more restrictions get enabled, then the
error message will be displayed both on gdbserver *and* on the
connected GDB. Since the user will be piloting GDB, it's important to
explicitly say that the ptrace restrictions are enabled in the target,
where gdbserver is running.

The current list of possible restrictions is:

- SELinux's 'deny_ptrace' option (detected).

- YAMA's /proc/sys/kernel/yama/ptrace_scope setting (detected).

- seccomp on Docker containers (I couldn't find how to detect).

It's important to mention that all of this is Linux-specific; as far
as I know, SELinux, YAMA and seccomp are Linux-only features.

gdb/ChangeLog:
yyyy-mm-dd Sergio Durigan Junior <sergiodj@redhat.com>

* inf-ptrace.c: Include "nat/fork-inferior.h".
(inf_ptrace_me): New parameter "trace_errno_wpipe". Check
"ptrace" errno.
(inf_ptrace_target::attach): Rewrite to use
"inf_ptrace_target::ptrace_attach".
(inf_ptrace_target::ptrace_attach): New function, almost
identical to the previous "inf_ptrace_target::attach".
* inf-ptrace.h (struct inf_ptrace_target) <int ptrace_attach>:
New method.
* linux-nat.c: Include "nat/fork-inferior.h".
(attach_proc_task_lwp_callback): Call
"linux_ptrace_attach_fail_reason_lwp" instead of
"linux_ptrace_attach_fail_reason_string".
(linux_nat_target::attach): Save "ERRNO". Pass it to
"linux_ptrace_attach_fail_reason".
(_initialize_linux_nat): Set "trace_me_fail_reason".
* nat/linux-ptrace.c: Include "gdbsupport/gdb-dlfcn.h",
"nat/fork-inferior.h" and "gdbsupport/filestuff.h".
(selinux_ftype): New type.
(linux_ptrace_restricted_fail_reason): New function.
(linux_ptrace_attach_fail_reason_1): New function, renamed
from "linux_ptrace_attach_fail_reason".
(linux_ptrace_attach_fail_reason): New function.
(linux_ptrace_attach_fail_reason_lwp): Likewise.
(linux_ptrace_me_fail_reason): Likewise.
(errno_pipe): New variable.
(linux_child_function): Check "ptrace" errno. Send it through
the pipe.
(linux_check_ptrace_features): Initialize pipe. Check
"ptrace" errno sent through the pipe.
* nat/linux-ptrace.h (linux_ptrace_attach_fail_reason): New
function.
(linux_ptrace_attach_fail_reason_lwp): Likewise.
(linux_ptrace_me_fail_reason): Likewise.
* remote.c (extended_remote_target::attach): Check error
message on PACKET_ERROR.
(remote_target::extended_remote_run): Likewise.

gdbserver/ChangeLog:
yyyy-mm-dd Sergio Durigan Junior <sergiodj@redhat.com>

* linux-low.cc (linux_ptrace_fun): New parameter
"trace_errno_wpipe". Check "ptrace" errno.
(attach_proc_task_lwp_callback): Call
"linux_ptrace_attach_fail_reason_lwp" instead of
"linux_ptrace_attach_fail_reason_string".
(linux_process_target::attach): Likewise.
(initialize_low): Set "trace_me_fail_reason".
* server.cc (handle_v_attach): Check if "attach_inferior"
succeeded.
(handle_v_run): Likewise.
* thread-db.cc (attach_thread): Call
"linux_ptrace_attach_fail_reason_lwp" instead of
"linux_ptrace_attach_fail_reason_string".
---
gdb/inf-ptrace.c | 34 +++++++-
gdb/inf-ptrace.h | 2 +
gdb/linux-nat.c | 24 +++---
gdb/nat/fork-inferior.c | 6 +-
gdb/nat/fork-inferior.h | 2 +-
gdb/nat/linux-ptrace.c | 178 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++--
gdb/nat/linux-ptrace.h | 27 ++++--
gdb/remote.c | 40 ++++++++-
gdbserver/linux-low.cc | 31 +++++--
gdbserver/server.cc | 38 ++++++++-
gdbserver/thread-db.cc | 2 +-
11 files changed, 339 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/gdb/inf-ptrace.c b/gdb/inf-ptrace.c
index db17a76d94..941f019709 100644
--- a/gdb/inf-ptrace.c
+++ b/gdb/inf-ptrace.c
@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@
#include "nat/fork-inferior.h"
#include "utils.h"
#include "gdbarch.h"
+#include "nat/fork-inferior.h"

\f

@@ -97,10 +98,23 @@ inf_ptrace_target::remove_fork_catchpoint (int pid)
/* Prepare to be traced. */

static void
-inf_ptrace_me (void)
+inf_ptrace_me (int trace_errno_wpipe)
{
/* "Trace me, Dr. Memory!" */
- if (ptrace (PT_TRACE_ME, 0, (PTRACE_TYPE_ARG3) 0, 0) < 0)
+ int ret = ptrace (PT_TRACE_ME, 0, (PTRACE_TYPE_ARG3) 0, 0);
+ int ptrace_errno = ret < 0 ? errno : 0;
+
+ try
+ {
+ write_trace_errno_to_pipe (trace_errno_wpipe, ptrace_errno);
+ }
+ catch (const gdb_exception &e)
+ {
+ warning ("%s", e.what ());
+ _exit (0177);
+ }
+
+ if (ret < 0)
trace_start_error_with_name ("ptrace");
}

@@ -185,6 +199,18 @@ inf_ptrace_target::mourn_inferior ()

void
inf_ptrace_target::attach (const char *args, int from_tty)
+{
+ errno = ptrace_attach (args, from_tty);
+ if (errno != 0)
+ perror_with_name (("ptrace"));
+}
+
+/* Attach to the process specified by ARGS. If FROM_TTY is non-zero,
+ be chatty about it. Return ERRNO if the call to ptrace failed; 0
+ otherwise. */
+
+int
+inf_ptrace_target::ptrace_attach (const char *args, int from_tty)
{
pid_t pid;
struct inferior *inf;
@@ -223,7 +249,7 @@ inf_ptrace_target::attach (const char *args, int from_tty)
errno = 0;
ptrace (PT_ATTACH, pid, (PTRACE_TYPE_ARG3)0, 0);
if (errno != 0)
- perror_with_name (("ptrace"));
+ return errno;
#else
error (_("This system does not support attaching to a process"));
#endif
@@ -241,6 +267,8 @@ inf_ptrace_target::attach (const char *args, int from_tty)
set_executing (this, thr->ptid, true);

unpusher.release ();
+
+ return 0;
}

#ifdef PT_GET_PROCESS_STATE
diff --git a/gdb/inf-ptrace.h b/gdb/inf-ptrace.h
index dd0733736f..ca36ca3af3 100644
--- a/gdb/inf-ptrace.h
+++ b/gdb/inf-ptrace.h
@@ -31,6 +31,8 @@ struct inf_ptrace_target : public inf_child_target

void attach (const char *, int) override;

+ int ptrace_attach (const char *, int);
+
void detach (inferior *inf, int) override;

void resume (ptid_t, int, enum gdb_signal) override;
diff --git a/gdb/linux-nat.c b/gdb/linux-nat.c
index 81af83c4ac..cc044ee3ac 100644
--- a/gdb/linux-nat.c
+++ b/gdb/linux-nat.c
@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@
#include "nat/linux-ptrace.h"
#include "nat/linux-procfs.h"
#include "nat/linux-personality.h"
+#include "nat/fork-inferior.h"
#include "linux-fork.h"
#include "gdbthread.h"
#include "gdbcmd.h"
@@ -1136,7 +1137,7 @@ attach_proc_task_lwp_callback (ptid_t ptid)
else
{
std::string reason
- = linux_ptrace_attach_fail_reason_string (ptid, err);
+ = linux_ptrace_attach_fail_reason_lwp (ptid, err);

warning (_("Cannot attach to lwp %d: %s"),
lwpid, reason.c_str ());
@@ -1185,20 +1186,15 @@ linux_nat_target::attach (const char *args, int from_tty)
/* Make sure we report all signals during attach. */
pass_signals ({});

- try
- {
- inf_ptrace_target::attach (args, from_tty);
- }
- catch (const gdb_exception_error &ex)
+ int err = inf_ptrace_target::ptrace_attach (args, from_tty);
+
+ if (err != 0)
{
pid_t pid = parse_pid_to_attach (args);
- std::string reason = linux_ptrace_attach_fail_reason (pid);
+ std::string reason = linux_ptrace_attach_fail_reason (pid, err);

- if (!reason.empty ())
- throw_error (ex.error, "warning: %s\n%s", reason.c_str (),
- ex.what ());
- else
- throw_error (ex.error, "%s", ex.what ());
+ error (_("warning: ptrace: %s\n%s"),
+ safe_strerror (err), reason.c_str ());
}

/* The ptrace base target adds the main thread with (pid,0,0)
@@ -4582,6 +4578,10 @@ Enables printf debugging output."),
sigemptyset (&blocked_mask);

lwp_lwpid_htab_create ();
+
+ /* Set the proper function to generate a message when ptrace
+ fails. */
+ trace_me_fail_reason = linux_ptrace_me_fail_reason;
}
\f

diff --git a/gdb/nat/fork-inferior.c b/gdb/nat/fork-inferior.c
index 223ff44195..eb4c4625d7 100644
--- a/gdb/nat/fork-inferior.c
+++ b/gdb/nat/fork-inferior.c
@@ -394,9 +394,9 @@ struct traceme_info

This function will usually perform the call to whatever trace
function needed to start tracing the inferior, but will also
- write its errno value to TRACE_ERRNO_PIPE, so that
+ write its errno value to TRACE_ERRNO_WPIPE, so that
fork_inferior_1 can check whether it suceeded. */
- void (*traceme_fun_check) (int trace_errno_pipe);
+ void (*traceme_fun_check) (int trace_errno_wpipe);
} u;
};

@@ -626,7 +626,7 @@ fork_inferior (const char *exec_file_arg, const std::string &allargs,

pid_t
fork_inferior (const char *exec_file_arg, const std::string &allargs,
- char **env, void (*traceme_fun) (int trace_errno_pipe),
+ char **env, void (*traceme_fun) (int trace_errno_wpipe),
gdb::function_view<void (int)> init_trace_fun,
void (*pre_trace_fun) (),
const char *shell_file_arg,
diff --git a/gdb/nat/fork-inferior.h b/gdb/nat/fork-inferior.h
index b67215353f..3fbead2e33 100644
--- a/gdb/nat/fork-inferior.h
+++ b/gdb/nat/fork-inferior.h
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ extern pid_t fork_inferior (const char *exec_file_arg,
extern pid_t fork_inferior (const char *exec_file_arg,
const std::string &allargs,
char **env,
- void (*traceme_fun) (int trace_errno_pipe),
+ void (*traceme_fun) (int trace_errno_wpipe),
gdb::function_view<void (int)> init_trace_fun,
void (*pre_trace_fun) (),
const char *shell_file_arg,
diff --git a/gdb/nat/linux-ptrace.c b/gdb/nat/linux-ptrace.c
index 5335d69092..b3fcf8bc07 100644
--- a/gdb/nat/linux-ptrace.c
+++ b/gdb/nat/linux-ptrace.c
@@ -21,6 +21,9 @@
#include "linux-procfs.h"
#include "linux-waitpid.h"
#include "gdbsupport/buffer.h"
+#include "gdbsupport/gdb-dlfcn.h"
+#include "nat/fork-inferior.h"
+#include "gdbsupport/filestuff.h"
#ifdef HAVE_SYS_PROCFS_H
#include <sys/procfs.h>
#endif
@@ -30,11 +33,93 @@
of 0 means there are no supported features. */
static int supported_ptrace_options = -1;

-/* Find all possible reasons we could fail to attach PID and return these
- as a string. An empty string is returned if we didn't find any reason. */
+typedef int (*selinux_ftype) (const char *);

-std::string
-linux_ptrace_attach_fail_reason (pid_t pid)
+/* Helper function which checks if ptrace is probably restricted
+ (i.e., if ERR is either EACCES or EPERM), and returns a string with
+ possible workarounds. */
+
+static std::string
+linux_ptrace_restricted_fail_reason (int err)
+{
+ if (err != EACCES && err != EPERM)
+ {
+ /* It just makes sense to perform the checks below if errno was
+ either EACCES or EPERM. */
+ return {};
+ }
+
+ std::string ret;
+ gdb_dlhandle_up handle;
+
+ try
+ {
+ handle = gdb_dlopen ("libselinux.so.1");
+ }
+ catch (const gdb_exception_error &e)
+ {
+ }
+
+ if (handle != nullptr)
+ {
+ selinux_ftype selinux_get_bool
+ = (selinux_ftype) gdb_dlsym (handle, "security_get_boolean_active");
+
+ if (selinux_get_bool != NULL
+ && (*selinux_get_bool) ("deny_ptrace") == 1)
+ string_appendf (ret,
+ _("\n\
+The SELinux 'deny_ptrace' option is enabled and preventing GDB\n\
+from using 'ptrace'. You can disable it by executing (as root):\n\
+\n\
+ setsebool deny_ptrace off\n"));
+ }
+
+ gdb_file_up yama_ptrace_scope
+ = gdb_fopen_cloexec ("/proc/sys/kernel/yama/ptrace_scope", "r");
+
+ if (yama_ptrace_scope != nullptr)
+ {
+ char yama_scope = fgetc (yama_ptrace_scope.get ());
+
+ if (yama_scope != '0')
+ string_appendf (ret,
+ _("\n\
+The Linux kernel's Yama ptrace scope is in effect, which can prevent\n\
+GDB from using 'ptrace'. You can disable it by executing (as root):\n\
+\n\
+ echo 0 > /proc/sys/kernel/yama/ptrace_scope\n"));
+ }
+
+ if (ret.empty ())
+ {
+ /* It wasn't possible to determine the exact reason for the
+ ptrace error. Let's just emit a generic error message
+ pointing the user to our documentation, where she can find
+ instructions on how to try to diagnose the problem. */
+ ret = _("\n\
+There might be restrictions preventing ptrace from working. Please see\n\
+the appendix \"Linux kernel ptrace restrictions\" in the GDB documentation\n\
+for more details.");
+ }
+
+ /* The user may be debugging remotely, so we have to warn that
+ the instructions above should be performed in the target. */
+ string_appendf (ret,
+ _("\n\
+If you are debugging the inferior remotely, the ptrace restriction(s) must\n\
+be disabled in the target system (e.g., where GDBserver is running)."));
+
+ return ret;
+}
+
+/* Find all possible reasons we could fail to attach PID and return
+ these as a string. An empty string is returned if we didn't find
+ any reason. Helper for linux_ptrace_attach_fail_reason and
+ linux_ptrace_attach_fail_reason_lwp. */
+
+static std::string
+linux_ptrace_attach_fail_reason_1 (pid_t pid)
{
pid_t tracerpid = linux_proc_get_tracerpid_nowarn (pid);
std::string result;
@@ -56,10 +141,24 @@ linux_ptrace_attach_fail_reason (pid_t pid)
/* See linux-ptrace.h. */

std::string
-linux_ptrace_attach_fail_reason_string (ptid_t ptid, int err)
+linux_ptrace_attach_fail_reason (pid_t pid, int err)
+{
+ std::string result = linux_ptrace_attach_fail_reason_1 (pid);
+ std::string ptrace_restrict = linux_ptrace_restricted_fail_reason (err);
+
+ if (!ptrace_restrict.empty ())
+ result += "\n" + ptrace_restrict;
+
+ return result;
+}
+
+/* See linux-ptrace.h. */
+
+std::string
+linux_ptrace_attach_fail_reason_lwp (ptid_t ptid, int err)
{
long lwpid = ptid.lwp ();
- std::string reason = linux_ptrace_attach_fail_reason (lwpid);
+ std::string reason = linux_ptrace_attach_fail_reason_1 (lwpid);

if (!reason.empty ())
return string_printf ("%s (%d), %s", safe_strerror (err), err,
@@ -68,6 +167,14 @@ linux_ptrace_attach_fail_reason_string (ptid_t ptid, int err)
return string_printf ("%s (%d)", safe_strerror (err), err);
}

+/* See linux-ptrace.h. */
+
+std::string
+linux_ptrace_me_fail_reason (int err)
+{
+ return linux_ptrace_restricted_fail_reason (err);
+}
+
#if defined __i386__ || defined __x86_64__

/* Address of the 'ret' instruction in asm code block below. */
@@ -257,6 +364,12 @@ linux_ptrace_test_ret_to_nx (void)
#endif /* defined __i386__ || defined __x86_64__ */
}

+/* If the PTRACE_TRACEME call on linux_child_function errors, we need
+ to be able to send ERRNO back to the parent so that it can check
+ whether there are restrictions in place preventing ptrace from
+ working. We do that with a pipe. */
+static int errno_pipe[2];
+
/* Helper function to fork a process and make the child process call
the function FUNCTION, passing CHILD_STACK as parameter.

@@ -321,7 +434,30 @@ linux_grandchild_function (void *child_stack)
static int
linux_child_function (void *child_stack)
{
- ptrace (PTRACE_TRACEME, 0, (PTRACE_TYPE_ARG3) 0, (PTRACE_TYPE_ARG4) 0);
+ /* Close read end. */
+ close (errno_pipe[0]);
+
+ int ret = ptrace (PTRACE_TRACEME, 0, (PTRACE_TYPE_ARG3) 0,
+ (PTRACE_TYPE_ARG4) 0);
+ int ptrace_errno = ret < 0 ? errno : 0;
+
+ /* Write ERRNO to the pipe, even if it's zero, and close the writing
+ end of the pipe. */
+ try
+ {
+ write_trace_errno_to_pipe (errno_pipe[1], ptrace_errno);
+ }
+ catch (const gdb_exception &e)
+ {
+ warning ("%s", e.what ());
+ _exit (0177);
+ }
+
+ close (errno_pipe[1]);
+
+ if (ret != 0)
+ trace_start_error_with_name ("ptrace");
+
kill (getpid (), SIGSTOP);

/* Fork a grandchild. */
@@ -346,12 +482,40 @@ linux_check_ptrace_features (void)
/* Initialize the options. */
supported_ptrace_options = 0;

+ /* Initialize our pipe. */
+ if (gdb_pipe_cloexec (errno_pipe) < 0)
+ perror_with_name ("gdb_pipe_cloexec");
+
/* Fork a child so we can do some testing. The child will call
linux_child_function and will get traced. The child will
eventually fork a grandchild so we can test fork event
reporting. */
child_pid = linux_fork_to_function (NULL, linux_child_function);

+ /* We don't need the write end of the pipe anymore. */
+ close (errno_pipe[1]);
+
+ try
+ {
+ /* Check whether 'ptrace (PTRACE_ME, ...)' failed when being
+ invoked by the child. If it did, we might get the
+ possible reason for it as the exception message. */
+ check_child_trace_me_errno (errno_pipe[0]);
+ }
+ catch (const gdb_exception &e)
+ {
+ /* Close the pipe so we don't leak fd's. */
+ close (errno_pipe[0]);
+
+ /* A failure here means that PTRACE_ME failed, which means that
+ GDB/gdbserver will most probably not work correctly. If we
+ want to be pedantic, we could just call 'exit' here.
+ However, let's just re-throw the exception. */
+ throw;
+ }
+
+ close (errno_pipe[0]);
+
ret = my_waitpid (child_pid, &status, 0);
if (ret == -1)
perror_with_name (("waitpid"));
diff --git a/gdb/nat/linux-ptrace.h b/gdb/nat/linux-ptrace.h
index 65568301f2..7cb77114ca 100644
--- a/gdb/nat/linux-ptrace.h
+++ b/gdb/nat/linux-ptrace.h
@@ -176,12 +176,27 @@ struct buffer;
# define TRAP_HWBKPT 4
#endif

-extern std::string linux_ptrace_attach_fail_reason (pid_t pid);
-
-/* Find all possible reasons we could have failed to attach to PTID
- and return them as a string. ERR is the error PTRACE_ATTACH failed
- with (an errno). */
-extern std::string linux_ptrace_attach_fail_reason_string (ptid_t ptid, int err);
+/* Find all possible reasons we could fail to attach PID and return
+ these as a string. An empty string is returned if we didn't find
+ any reason. If ERR is EACCES or EPERM, we also add a warning about
+ possible restrictions to use ptrace. */
+extern std::string linux_ptrace_attach_fail_reason (pid_t pid, int err);
+
+/* Find all possible reasons we could have failed to attach to PID's
+ LWPID and return them as a string. ERR is the error PTRACE_ATTACH
+ failed with (an errno). Unlike linux_ptrace_attach_fail_reason,
+ this function should be used when attaching to an LWP other than
+ the leader; it does not warn about ptrace restrictions. */
+extern std::string linux_ptrace_attach_fail_reason_lwp (ptid_t pid, int err);
+
+/* When the call to 'ptrace (PTRACE_TRACEME...' fails, and we have
+ already forked, this function can be called in order to try to
+ obtain the reason why ptrace failed. ERR should be the ERRNO value
+ returned by ptrace.
+
+ This function will return a 'std::string' containing the fail
+ reason, or an empty string otherwise. */
+extern std::string linux_ptrace_me_fail_reason (int err);

extern void linux_ptrace_init_warnings (void);
extern void linux_check_ptrace_features (void);
diff --git a/gdb/remote.c b/gdb/remote.c
index 0f78b1be1b..aacbdf1984 100644
--- a/gdb/remote.c
+++ b/gdb/remote.c
@@ -5882,9 +5882,26 @@ extended_remote_target::attach (const char *args, int from_tty)
break;
case PACKET_UNKNOWN:
error (_("This target does not support attaching to a process"));
+ case PACKET_ERROR:
+ {
+ std::string errmsg = rs->buf.data ();
+
+ /* Check if we have a specific error (i.e., not a generic
+ "E01") coming from the target. If there is, we print it
+ here. */
+ if (startswith (errmsg.c_str (), "E."))
+ {
+ /* Get rid of the "E." prefix. */
+ errmsg.erase (0, 2);
+ }
+
+ error (_("Attaching to %s failed%s%s"),
+ target_pid_to_str (ptid_t (pid)).c_str (),
+ !errmsg.empty () ? "\n" : "",
+ errmsg.c_str ());
+ }
default:
- error (_("Attaching to %s failed"),
- target_pid_to_str (ptid_t (pid)).c_str ());
+ gdb_assert_not_reached (_("bad switch"));
}

set_current_inferior (remote_add_inferior (false, pid, 1, 0));
@@ -10024,8 +10041,23 @@ remote_target::extended_remote_run (const std::string &args)
error (_("Running the default executable on the remote target failed; "
"try \"set remote exec-file\"?"));
else
- error (_("Running \"%s\" on the remote target failed"),
- remote_exec_file);
+ {
+ std::string errmsg = rs->buf.data ();
+
+ /* Check if we have a specific error (i.e., not a generic
+ "E01") coming from the target. If there is, we print it
+ here. */
+ if (startswith (errmsg.c_str (), "E."))
+ {
+ /* Get rid of the "E." prefix. */
+ errmsg.erase (0, 2);
+ }
+
+ error (_("Running \"%s\" on the remote target failed%s%s"),
+ remote_exec_file,
+ !errmsg.empty () ? "\n" : "",
+ errmsg.c_str ());
+ }
default:
gdb_assert_not_reached (_("bad switch"));
}
diff --git a/gdbserver/linux-low.cc b/gdbserver/linux-low.cc
index 2872bc78da..42283802dd 100644
--- a/gdbserver/linux-low.cc
+++ b/gdbserver/linux-low.cc
@@ -968,10 +968,24 @@ add_lwp (ptid_t ptid)
actually initiating the tracing of the inferior. */

static void
-linux_ptrace_fun ()
+linux_ptrace_fun (int ptrace_errno_wpipe)
{
- if (ptrace (PTRACE_TRACEME, 0, (PTRACE_TYPE_ARG3) 0,
- (PTRACE_TYPE_ARG4) 0) < 0)
+ int ret = ptrace (PTRACE_TRACEME, 0, (PTRACE_TYPE_ARG3) 0,
+ (PTRACE_TYPE_ARG4) 0);
+ int ptrace_errno = ret < 0 ? errno : 0;
+
+ try
+ {
+ write_trace_errno_to_pipe (ptrace_errno_wpipe, ptrace_errno);
+ }
+ catch (const gdb_exception &e)
+ {
+ warning ("%s", e.what ());
+ _exit (0177);
+ }
+
+ errno = ptrace_errno;
+ if (ret < 0)
trace_start_error_with_name ("ptrace");

if (setpgid (0, 0) < 0)
@@ -1170,7 +1184,7 @@ attach_proc_task_lwp_callback (ptid_t ptid)
else if (err != 0)
{
std::string reason
- = linux_ptrace_attach_fail_reason_string (ptid, err);
+ = linux_ptrace_attach_fail_reason_lwp (ptid, err);

warning (_("Cannot attach to lwp %d: %s"), lwpid, reason.c_str ());
}
@@ -1202,8 +1216,8 @@ linux_process_target::attach (unsigned long pid)
{
remove_process (proc);

- std::string reason = linux_ptrace_attach_fail_reason_string (ptid, err);
- error ("Cannot attach to process %ld: %s", pid, reason.c_str ());
+ std::string reason = linux_ptrace_attach_fail_reason (pid, err);
+ error (_("Cannot attach to process %ld: %s"), pid, reason.c_str ());
}

/* Don't ignore the initial SIGSTOP if we just attached to this
@@ -7552,5 +7566,10 @@ initialize_low (void)

initialize_low_arch ();

+ /* Initialize the 'trace_me_fail_reason' function pointer. We will
+ use this to determine the reason for possible failures when
+ invoking 'ptrace (PTRACE_ME, ...)'. */
+ trace_me_fail_reason = linux_ptrace_me_fail_reason;
+
linux_check_ptrace_features ();
}
diff --git a/gdbserver/server.cc b/gdbserver/server.cc
index 43962adc86..003385f42a 100644
--- a/gdbserver/server.cc
+++ b/gdbserver/server.cc
@@ -2892,9 +2892,31 @@ handle_v_attach (char *own_buf)
{
client_state &cs = get_client_state ();
int pid;
+ int ret;

pid = strtol (own_buf + 8, NULL, 16);
- if (pid != 0 && attach_inferior (pid) == 0)
+
+ if (pid <= 0)
+ {
+ write_enn (own_buf);
+ return 0;
+ }
+
+ try
+ {
+ /* Attach to the specified PID. This function can throw, so we
+ make sure to catch the exception and send it (as an error
+ packet) back to GDB. */
+ ret = attach_inferior (pid);
+ }
+ catch (const gdb_exception_error &e)
+ {
+ fprintf (stderr, "%s\n", e.what ());
+ snprintf (own_buf, PBUFSIZ, "E.%s", e.what ());
+ return 0;
+ }
+
+ if (ret == 0)
{
/* Don't report shared library events after attaching, even if
some libraries are preloaded. GDB will always poll the
@@ -3030,7 +3052,19 @@ handle_v_run (char *own_buf)
free_vector_argv (program_args);
program_args = new_argv;

- target_create_inferior (program_path.get (), program_args);
+ try
+ {
+ /* Create the inferior. This function can throw, so we make
+ sure to catch the exception and send it (as an error packet)
+ back to GDB. */
+ target_create_inferior (program_path.get (), program_args);
+ }
+ catch (const gdb_exception_error &e)
+ {
+ fprintf (stderr, "%s\n", e.what ());
+ snprintf (own_buf, PBUFSIZ, "E.%s", e.what ());
+ return 0;
+ }

if (cs.last_status.kind == TARGET_WAITKIND_STOPPED)
{
diff --git a/gdbserver/thread-db.cc b/gdbserver/thread-db.cc
index 2bb6d28820..60ceb7b663 100644
--- a/gdbserver/thread-db.cc
+++ b/gdbserver/thread-db.cc
@@ -224,7 +224,7 @@ attach_thread (const td_thrhandle_t *th_p, td_thrinfo_t *ti_p)
err = linux_attach_lwp (ptid);
if (err != 0)
{
- std::string reason = linux_ptrace_attach_fail_reason_string (ptid, err);
+ std::string reason = linux_ptrace_attach_fail_reason_lwp (ptid, err);

warning ("Could not attach to thread %ld (LWP %d): %s",
(unsigned long) ti_p->ti_tid, ti_p->ti_lid, reason.c_str ());
--
2.24.1