[PATCH 1/2] gdb: fix crash when pretty printing anonymous struct with base class

[Simon Marchi <simon.marchi@efficios.com>]

As I was reviewing another patch, I was wondering if we allowed
type->name() to be nullptr.  The answer is yes, but there are some spots
that don't check for nullptr, when they should.  Claude came up with a
reproducer that inspired the included test case.  It is arguably a
corner case, but it makes GDB crash.

The crash happens when trying to pretty-print (with "set print pretty
on") a value of an anonymous struct type that has a base.  Given this:

    struct base
    {
      int a;
    };

    struct : base
    {
      int b;
    } v4 = { { 1 }, 2 };

We get:

    $ ./gdb -nx -q --data-directory=data-directory testsuite/outputs/gdb.cp/anon-struct/anon-struct -ex "with print pretty -- p v4"
    Reading symbols from testsuite/outputs/gdb.cp/anon-struct/anon-struct...
    $1 = {
      <base> = {
        a = 1
      },
    /home/smarchi/src/binutils-gdb/gdb/ui-file.h:77:30: runtime error: null pointer passed as argument 1, which is declared to never be null

The crash happens here:

    #4  0x00007ffff600dec8 in __ubsan_handle_nonnull_arg_abort () from /usr/lib/libubsan.so.1
    #5  0x00005555637daa35 in ui_file::puts (this=0x7c1ff1c022d0, str=0x0) at /home/smarchi/src/binutils-gdb/gdb/ui-file.h:77
    #6  0x0000555566f2b0ab in gdb_puts (linebuffer=0x0, stream=0x7c1ff1c022d0) at /home/smarchi/src/binutils-gdb/gdb/utils.c:1912
    #7  0x00005555644e5cd4 in cp_print_value_fields (val=0x7d0ff1c2aa00, stream=0x7c1ff1c022d0, recurse=0, options=0x7bfff094acb0, dont_print_vb=0x0, dont_print_statmem=0) at /home/smarchi/src/binutils-gdb/gdb/cp-valprint.c:213
    #8  0x00005555640de708 in c_value_print_struct (val=0x7d0ff1c2aa00, stream=0x7c1ff1c022d0, recurse=0, options=0x7bfff094acb0) at /home/smarchi/src/binutils-gdb/gdb/c-valprint.c:385
    #9  0x00005555640df215 in c_value_print_inner (val=0x7d0ff1c2aa00, stream=0x7c1ff1c022d0, recurse=0, options=0x7bfff094acb0) at /home/smarchi/src/binutils-gdb/gdb/c-valprint.c:441
    #10 0x000055556563828c in language_defn::value_print_inner (this=0x5555734a0700 <cplus_language_defn>, val=0x7d0ff1c2aa00, stream=0x7c1ff1c022d0, recurse=0, options=0x7bfff094acb0) at /home/smarchi/src/binutils-gdb/gdb/language.c:658
    #11 0x0000555566fb7749 in common_val_print (value=0x7d0ff1c2aa00, stream=0x7c1ff1c022d0, recurse=0, options=0x7bfff094aa70, language=0x5555734a0700 <cplus_language_defn>) at /home/smarchi/src/binutils-gdb/gdb/valprint.c:1120

when we try to print the nullptr type name:

    if (options->prettyformat)
      {
	gdb_printf (stream, "\n");
	print_spaces (2 + 2 * recurse, stream);
	gdb_puts ("members of ", stream);
	gdb_puts (type->name (), stream);
	gdb_puts (":", stream);
      }

Fix it by using type->safe_name() instead of type->name().  This results
in:

    $1 = {
      <base> = {
        a = 1
      },
      members of <unnamed type>:
      b = 2
    }

Claude pointed out that p-valprint.c has more or less the same code, so
I changed it there too, but I did not write a test for that one.

Change-Id: Ibc4541bf04b7239e31b8401aa86466a6807e89d5
---
 gdb/cp-valprint.c                             |  2 +-
 gdb/p-valprint.c                              |  2 +-
 gdb/testsuite/gdb.cp/anon-struct-with-base.cc | 49 ++++++++++++++
 .../gdb.cp/anon-struct-with-base.exp          | 65 +++++++++++++++++++
 4 files changed, 116 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 gdb/testsuite/gdb.cp/anon-struct-with-base.cc
 create mode 100644 gdb/testsuite/gdb.cp/anon-struct-with-base.exp

diff --git a/gdb/cp-valprint.c b/gdb/cp-valprint.c
index 349a0d6bf9e9..d450e90e1e1d 100644
--- a/gdb/cp-valprint.c
+++ b/gdb/cp-valprint.c
@@ -210,7 +210,7 @@ cp_print_value_fields (struct value *val, struct ui_file *stream,
 		  gdb_printf (stream, "\n");
 		  print_spaces (2 + 2 * recurse, stream);
 		  gdb_puts ("members of ", stream);
-		  gdb_puts (type->name (), stream);
+		  gdb_puts (type->safe_name (), stream);
 		  gdb_puts (":", stream);
 		}
 	    }
diff --git a/gdb/p-valprint.c b/gdb/p-valprint.c
index f64c1069b531..2f913a3da150 100644
--- a/gdb/p-valprint.c
+++ b/gdb/p-valprint.c
@@ -564,7 +564,7 @@ pascal_object_print_value_fields (struct value *val, struct ui_file *stream,
 		  gdb_printf (stream, "\n");
 		  print_spaces (2 + 2 * recurse, stream);
 		  gdb_puts ("members of ", stream);
-		  gdb_puts (type->name (), stream);
+		  gdb_puts (type->safe_name (), stream);
 		  gdb_puts (": ", stream);
 		}
 	    }
diff --git a/gdb/testsuite/gdb.cp/anon-struct-with-base.cc b/gdb/testsuite/gdb.cp/anon-struct-with-base.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..474473abb666
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gdb/testsuite/gdb.cp/anon-struct-with-base.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+/* This testcase is part of GDB, the GNU debugger.
+
+   Copyright 2026 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+   the Free Software Foundation; either version 3 of the License, or
+   (at your option) any later version.
+
+   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+   GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+   along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.  */
+
+struct base_data
+{
+  int a;
+};
+
+struct base_no_data
+{
+};
+
+struct : base_data
+{
+  int b;
+} v_data_base_data = { { 1 }, 2 };
+
+struct : base_data
+{
+} v_no_data_base_data = { { 3 } };
+
+struct : base_no_data
+{
+  int c;
+} v_data_base_no_data = { {}, 4 };
+
+struct : base_no_data
+{
+} v_no_data_base_no_data = {};
+
+int
+main ()
+{
+  return 0;
+}
diff --git a/gdb/testsuite/gdb.cp/anon-struct-with-base.exp b/gdb/testsuite/gdb.cp/anon-struct-with-base.exp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..2ff7036198a2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gdb/testsuite/gdb.cp/anon-struct-with-base.exp
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+# Copyright 2026 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation; either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+#
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+#
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+# Test printing a value whose type is an unnamed struct with a base class.
+
+standard_testfile .cc
+
+if {[prepare_for_testing "failed to prepare" $testfile $srcfile \
+	 {debug c++}]} {
+    return
+}
+
+gdb_test "with print pretty off -- print v_data_base_data" \
+    "$::valnum_re = \{<base_data> = \{a = 1\}, b = 2\}"
+
+gdb_test "with print pretty off -- print v_no_data_base_data" \
+    "$::valnum_re = \{<base_data> = \{a = 3\}, <No data fields>\}"
+
+gdb_test "with print pretty off -- print v_data_base_no_data" \
+    "$::valnum_re = \{<base_no_data> = \{<No data fields>\}, c = 4\}"
+
+gdb_test "with print pretty off -- print v_no_data_base_no_data" \
+    "$::valnum_re = \{<base_no_data> = \{<No data fields>\}, <No data fields>\}"
+
+gdb_test "with print pretty on -- print v_data_base_data" \
+    [multi_line \
+	 "$::valnum_re = \{" \
+	 "  <base_data> = \{" \
+	 "    a = 1" \
+	 "  \}, " \
+	 "  members of <unnamed type>:" \
+	 "  b = 2" \
+	 "\}"]
+
+gdb_test "with print pretty on -- print v_no_data_base_data" \
+    [multi_line \
+	 "$::valnum_re = \{" \
+	 "  <base_data> = \{" \
+	 "    a = 3" \
+	 "  \}, <No data fields>\}"]
+
+gdb_test "with print pretty on -- print v_data_base_no_data" \
+    [multi_line \
+	 "$::valnum_re = \{" \
+	 "  <base_no_data> = \{<No data fields>\}, " \
+	 "  members of <unnamed type>:" \
+	 "  c = 4" \
+	 "\}"]
+
+gdb_test "with print pretty on -- print v_no_data_base_no_data" \
+    [multi_line \
+	 "$::valnum_re = \{" \
+	 "  <base_no_data> = \{<No data fields>\}, <No data fields>\}"]

base-commit: 0f9faaebc91bc1886a563bde6c178601b4be743b
-- 
2.55.0